Verb forms

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Verb form

Irregular verbs

The past participle and the past tense of irregular verbs are not generally formed by adding (e)d or t. For example, the past tense of the verb break is broke and the past participle is broken.

The following verbs form their past tenses (past and past participle) irregularly:

Verb ( V1)Past tense (V2)Past participle (V3)
arisearosearisen
awakeawoke (or awaked)awaked (or awoken)
awakenawakenedawakened
bear (to carry)boreborne
bear (to give birth)boreborn
beatbeatbeaten (or beat)
becomebecamebecome
beginbeganbegun
betbetbet
bid (to offer)bidbid
bid (to order, invite)badebidden
bindboundbound
bitebitbitten
bleedbledbled
blowblewblown
breakbrokebroken
breedbredbred
bringbroughtbrought
burstburstburst
buyboughtbought
castcastcast
catchcaughtcaught
choosechosechosen
clingclungclung
comecamecome
creepcreptcrept
cutcutcut
dealdealtdealt
digdugdug
divedived (or dove)dived
dodiddone
drawdrewdrawn
dreamdreamed (or dreamt)dreamed (or dreamt)
drinkdrankdrunk
drivedrovedriven
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
feedfedfed
feelfeltfelt
fightfoughtfought
findfoundfound
fleefledfled
flyflewflown
forbidforbadeforbidden
forgetforgotforgotten
forgiveforgaveforgiven
forsakeforsookforsaken
freezefrozefrozen
getgotgot (or gotten)
givegavegiven
gowentgone
grindgroundground
growgrewgrown
hang (to suspend)hunghung
hang (to execute)hangedhanged
havehadhad
hearheardheard
hidehidhidden
hithithit
holdheldheld
hurthurthurt
keepkeptkept
kneelknelt (or kneeled)knelt (or kneeled)
knitknitted (or knit)knitted (or knit)
knowknewknown
laylaidlaid
leadledled
leapleaped (or leapt)leaped (or leapt)
leaveleftleft
lendlentlent
letletlet
lielaylain
lightlighted (or lit)lighted (or lit)
loselostlost
makemademade
meanmeantmeant
meetmetmet
mistakemistookmistaken
overcomeovercameovercome
paypaidpaid
proveprovedproved (or proven)
putputput
quitquitquit
readreadread
rideroderidden
ringrangrung
riseroserisen
runranrun
saysaidsaid
seesawseen
seeksoughtsought
sellsoldsold
sendsentsent
setsetset
shakeshookshaken
shedshedshed
shootshotshot
shrinkshrank (or shrunk)shrunk
shutshutshut
singsangsung
sinksanksunk
sitsatsat
slayslewslain
sleepsleptslept
slideslidslide
slingslungslung
slinkslunkslunk
speakspokespoken
speedsped (or speeded)sped (or speeded)
spendspentspent
spinspunspun
spitspit (or spat)spit (or spat)
splitsplitsplit
spreadspreadspread
springsprang (or sprung)sprung
standstoodstood
stealstolestolen
stickstuckstuck
stinkstank (or stunk)stunk
strewstrewedstrewn
stridestrodestridden
strikestruckstruck
stringstrungstrung
strivestrove (or strived)striven (or strived)
swearsworesworn
sweepsweptswept
swellswelledswelled (or swollen)
swimswamswum
swingswungswung
taketooktaken
teachtaughttaught
teartoretorn
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
thrivethrove (or thrived)throve (or thriven)
throwthrewthrown
thrustthrustthrust
wakewoke (or waked)waked (or woken)
weepweptwept
winwonwon
windwounwound
wringwringwrung
write

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