Verb form
Irregular verbs
The past participle and the past tense of irregular verbs are not generally formed by adding (e)d or t. For example, the past tense of the verb break is broke and the past participle is broken.
The following verbs form their past tenses (past and past participle) irregularly:
| Verb ( V1) | Past tense (V2) | Past participle (V3) |
|---|---|---|
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awoke (or awaked) | awaked (or awoken) |
| awaken | awakened | awakened |
| bear (to carry) | bore | borne |
| bear (to give birth) | bore | born |
| beat | beat | beaten (or beat) |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bet | bet | bet |
| bid (to offer) | bid | bid |
| bid (to order, invite) | bade | bidden |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| burst | burst | burst |
| buy | bought | bought |
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cling | clung | clung |
| come | came | come |
| creep | crept | crept |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| dive | dived (or dove) | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamed (or dreamt) | dreamed (or dreamt) |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | got (or gotten) |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grow | grew | grown |
| hang (to suspend) | hung | hung |
| hang (to execute) | hanged | hanged |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt (or kneeled) | knelt (or kneeled) |
| knit | knitted (or knit) | knitted (or knit) |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| leap | leaped (or leapt) | leaped (or leapt) |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| light | lighted (or lit) | lighted (or lit) |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| overcome | overcame | overcome |
| pay | paid | paid |
| prove | proved | proved (or proven) |
| put | put | put |
| quit | quit | quit |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| shrink | shrank (or shrunk) | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay | slew | slain |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slide |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slunk | slunk |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped (or speeded) | sped (or speeded) |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spit (or spat) | spit (or spat) |
| split | split | split |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang (or sprung) | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| stink | stank (or stunk) | stunk |
| strew | strewed | strewn |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike | struck | struck |
| string | strung | strung |
| strive | strove (or strived) | striven (or strived) |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swelled (or swollen) |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| thrive | throve (or thrived) | throve (or thriven) |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| wake | woke (or waked) | waked (or woken) |
| weep | wept | wept |
| win | won | won |
| wind | woun | wound |
| wring | wring | wrung |
| write |
Posts
